{"id":20,"date":"2018-09-03T16:44:07","date_gmt":"2018-09-03T14:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2023-01-24T18:58:50","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T17:58:50","slug":"co-je-elektricky-obvod-a-na-jakem-principu-pracuje","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/absolutni-zaklady-elektroniky\/co-je-elektricky-obvod-a-na-jakem-principu-pracuje\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je elektrick\u00fd obvod a na jak\u00e9m principu pracuje"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zkuste n\u011bkdy vz\u00edt \u017e\u00e1rovku a p\u0159ipojit k n\u00ed baterii n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem (Baterii propojte se \u017e\u00e1rovkou dr\u00e1tky nebo n\u011bjak\u00fdmi kovov\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty.
\nPokud p\u0159ipoj\u00edte + k pl\u00ed\u0161ku se z\u00e1vity na \u017e\u00e1rovce a – \u0161ediv\u00e9mu punt\u00edku na \u017e\u00e1rovce, obvod bude fungovat \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b, jako kdybyste to zapojili obr\u00e1cen\u011b.)<\/p>\n

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Pokud tohle ud\u011bl\u00e1te, \u017e\u00e1rovka by m\u011bla sv\u00edtit.<\/p>\n

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Baterie se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chov\u00e1 jako zdroj elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Jakmile propoj\u00edte kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l se z\u00e1porn\u00fdm p\u00f3lem materi\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd vede elektrick\u00fd proud, za\u010dnou proch\u00e1zet od z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu ke kladn\u00e9mu elektrony (Elektron=\u010d\u00e1st atomu Atom=Mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hmoty. Na z\u00e1porn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu je p\u0159ebytek elektron\u016f a na kladn\u00e9m zase nedostatek. (M\u016f\u017ee za to chemie v baterii.) Tak\u017ee se to vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1. A\u017e se to vyrovn\u00e1, je baterie vybit\u00e1.)
\nElektrick\u00fd proud je tedy proud elektron\u016f. Plat\u00ed ale dohoda, \u017ee elektrick\u00fd proud jde jakoby<\/strong> od kladn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu k z\u00e1porn\u00e9mu. Ve skute\u010dnosti jdou ale elektrony od z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu ke kladn\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Pozn.: Kladn\u00fd a z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l: D\u00e1le jen + a –<\/p>\n

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A pr\u00e1v\u011b v p\u0159\u00edklad\u011b, kter\u00fd byl uveden v t\u00e9to kapitole, byla p\u0159ipojena \u017e\u00e1rovka jedn\u00edm p\u00f3lem k jednomu p\u00f3lu baterie a druh\u00fdm p\u00f3lem ke druh\u00e9mu. Kdy\u017e se na to pod\u00edv\u00e1te, tak elektrick\u00fd proud (Proud. Ne elektrony.) jde od plusu baterie \u017elut\u00fdm dr\u00e1tkem do kulat\u00e9ho \u010dudl\u00edku \u017e\u00e1rovky (prvn\u00ed elektroda \u017e\u00e1rovky), odtamtud projde uvnit\u0159 \u017e\u00e1rovky vl\u00e1knem a n\u011bjak\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi dr\u00e1tky do z\u00e1vitov\u00e9ho pl\u00ed\u0161ku (druh\u00e1 elektroda \u017e\u00e1rovky) a pak se vrac\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdm dr\u00e1tkem zp\u011bt do baterie.-Uzav\u0159en\u00fd elektrick\u00fd obvod.<\/p>\n

Pokud do obvodu vlo\u017e\u00edte vyp\u00edna\u010d, bude to vypadat takto: (Zde v tomto p\u0159\u00edkladu je vyp\u00edna\u010d zapnut\u00fd, a proto \u017e\u00e1rovka sv\u00edt\u00ed.) Elektrick\u00fd proud (Op\u011bt proud. Ne elektrony.) te\u010de od + p\u0159es \u017elut\u00fd dr\u00e1tek, \u017e\u00e1rovku a \u010dern\u00fd dr\u00e1tek d\u00e1le p\u0159es vyp\u00edna\u010d a \u010derven\u00fd dr\u00e1tek a\u017e k -. (Pozn. Zelen\u00e9 \u0161ipky nazna\u010duj\u00ed proud elektron\u016f. Modr\u00e9 elektrick\u00fd proud dle dohody.)<\/p>\n

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Pokud byste p\u0159ipojili \u017e\u00e1rovku jen k -, kde je p\u0159ebytek elektron\u016f, a ne k +, kde je nedostatek elektron\u016f, nesv\u00edtila by. Kde\u017eto u vody sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 jen z jedn\u00e9 trubky, tak elektrick\u00fd obvod mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uzav\u0159en. Pokud byste zapojili tento obvod<\/p>\n

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a vypnuli byste vyp\u00edna\u010d, elektrony by v mali\u010dk\u00e9m zlome\u010dku sekundy do\u0161ly a\u017e do vyp\u00edna\u010de, kde by m\u011bly v\u0161echny slepou uli\u010dku a elektrick\u00fd proud by se tak zastavil. (Pozn. Zelen\u00e9 \u0161ipky nazna\u010duj\u00ed proud elektron\u016f.)<\/p>\n

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D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 upozorn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Nikdy nepropojujte kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l baterie se z\u00e1porn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edmo ni\u010d\u00edm, co vede el proud (dr\u00e1tky, kovy…) Zkratovali byste baterii!!!<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zkuste n\u011bkdy vz\u00edt \u017e\u00e1rovku a p\u0159ipojit k n\u00ed baterii n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem (Baterii propojte se \u017e\u00e1rovkou dr\u00e1tky nebo n\u011bjak\u00fdmi kovov\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty. Pokud p\u0159ipoj\u00edte + k pl\u00ed\u0161ku se z\u00e1vity na \u017e\u00e1rovce a – \u0161ediv\u00e9mu punt\u00edku na \u017e\u00e1rovce, obvod bude fungovat \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b, jako kdybyste to zapojili obr\u00e1cen\u011b.) Pokud tohle ud\u011bl\u00e1te, \u017e\u00e1rovka by m\u011bla sv\u00edtit.     Baterie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":775,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions\/775"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}