{"id":81,"date":"2018-09-04T13:45:37","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T11:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/?page_id=81"},"modified":"2023-01-24T18:48:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T17:48:36","slug":"typy-elektrickych-obvodu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/elektrotechnicka-schemata\/typy-elektrickych-obvodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Typy elektrick\u00fdch obvod\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud do obvodu zapoj\u00edte v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 sou\u010d\u00e1stky (2 \u017e\u00e1rovky nebo t\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1rovku a sv\u00edtivou diodu), tak existuj\u00ed 2 zp\u016fsoby, jak je lze vz\u00e1jemn\u011b zapojit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed (Za sebou) nap\u0159. toto:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-82\" src=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/s\u00e9riov\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/s\u00e9riov\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/s\u00e9riov\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n\u017d\u00e1rovek tam m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i v\u00edce. I kdyby jich tam bylo t\u0159eba mili\u00f3n, tak kdy\u017e 1 praskne, zhasne cel\u00fd obvod.<\/p>\n<p>Paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed (Vedle sebe) nap\u0159. toto:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-83\" src=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed.jpg 476w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\nBody A a B jsou uzly, kde se v\u011btv\u00ed veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Paraleln\u00ed obvody mohou b\u00fdt i v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u011b rozv\u011btveny. Nap\u0159. takto.:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed-2-300x246.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed-2-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/paraleln\u00ed-zapojen\u00ed-2.jpg 635w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u010cerven\u011b ohrani\u010den\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obvodu jsou ty \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 hlavn\u00edm veden\u00edm k prost\u0159edn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rovce a z\u00e1rove\u0148 t\u011bmito \u010d\u00e1stmi obvodu neproch\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b celkov\u00fd proud cel\u00e9ho obvodu. Celkov\u00fd proud je toti\u017e proud v t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stech + proud v \u00fapln\u011b horn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rovce.<\/p>\n<p>V paraleln\u00edch obvodech, kdy\u017e jedna \u017e\u00e1rovka praskne, tak ostatn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00ed d\u00e1le a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce, proto\u017ee ta praskl\u00e1 jim u\u017e neodeb\u00edr\u00e1 energii. O kolik sv\u00edt\u00ed ostatn\u00ed v\u00edce, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na <a title=\"odkaz na str\u00e1nku se zdroji nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu\" href=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/absolutni-zaklady-elektroniky\/zdroje-elektrickeho-napeti-a-proudu\/\">tvrdosti zdroje<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Obvody jsou tedy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>s\u00e9riov\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>paraleln\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd obvod je takov\u00fd, ve kter\u00e9m se vyskytuje s\u00e9riov\u00e9 i paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed. Mus\u00ed tam b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 3 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. Nap\u0159. tento.:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-85\" src=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed-300x229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9-zapojen\u00ed.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>V s\u00e9riov\u00fdch a paraleln\u00edch obvodech hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud.<\/p>\n<p>V s\u00e9riov\u00fdch obvodech se celkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed zdroje rozlo\u017e\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky podle toho jak\u00fd maj\u00ed el. odpor. Proto\u017ee podle Ohmova z\u00e1kona U=R.I je nap\u011bt\u00ed (U) p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 odporu (R), tak na sou\u010d\u00e1stce s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm odporem zapojen\u00fdch navz\u00e1jem v s\u00e9rii se vytvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a na sou\u010d\u00e1stce s men\u0161\u00edm odporem se vytvo\u0159\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed ob\u011bma sou\u010d\u00e1stkama stejn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159.: Koukn\u011bte na obr. 7.1. na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce. Pokud by bylo nap\u011bt\u00ed baterie 1,5 V a odpory \u017e\u00e1rovek 2\u03a9 a 4\u03a9, tak vypo\u010d\u00edtejte nap\u011bt\u00ed na jednotliv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch p\u0159i celkov\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed 1,5 V.<\/p>\n<p>1,5\/(2+4)=0,25\u00a0\u00a0 Proud proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed obvodem je 0,25 A.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u011bt\u00ed na 1. \u017e\u00e1rovce je (0,25 * 2)V = 0,5 V<br \/>\nNap\u011bt\u00ed na 2. \u017e\u00e1rovce je (0,25 * 4)V = 1V<\/p>\n<p>Zkou\u0161ku m\u016f\u017eete prov\u00e9st sou\u010dtem jednotliv\u00fdch nap\u011bt\u00ed na jednotliv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch a mus\u00ed v\u00e1m vyj\u00edt celkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed zdoje. 1+0,5 = 1,5<br \/>\nJak je vid\u011bt, souhlas\u00ed to.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se daj\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vat men\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed z v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho. Pokud si zapoj\u00edte takto s\u00e9riov\u011b m\u00edsto \u017e\u00e1rovek <a title=\"odkaz na str\u00e1nku se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami\" href=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/absolutni-zaklady-elektroniky\/zakladni-elektrotechnicke-soucastky-a-jejich-znaceni-pismeny\/\">rezistory<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-87\" src=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/d\u011bli\u010d-nap\u011bt\u00ed-2-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/d\u011bli\u010d-nap\u011bt\u00ed-2-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/d\u011bli\u010d-nap\u011bt\u00ed-2.jpg 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Z \u010derven\u00fdch bod\u016f se odv\u00e1d\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. <strong>Ov\u0161em pozor!!!: Podstatn\u00e9 je nejen U, ale tak\u00e9 I. A jak\u00fd proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed z baterie p\u0159es prav\u00fd <a title=\"odkaz na str\u00e1nku se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami\" href=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/absolutni-zaklady-elektroniky\/zakladni-elektrotechnicke-soucastky-a-jejich-znaceni-pismeny\/\">rezistor<\/a> a z jednoho bodu do druh\u00e9ho, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed nejen na U baterie, ale tak\u00e9 na prav\u00e9m <a title=\"odkaz na str\u00e1nku se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami\" href=\"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/absolutni-zaklady-elektroniky\/zakladni-elektrotechnicke-soucastky-a-jejich-znaceni-pismeny\/\">rezistoru<\/a>. Tzn. je pot\u0159eba, aby prav\u00fd <a title=\"odkaz na str\u00e1nku se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami\" href=\"http:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/5-2\/zakladni-elektrotechnicke-soucastky-a-jejich-znaceni-pismeny\/\">rezistor<\/a> nebyl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd a p\u0159esto, aby byl zachov\u00e1n jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00fd pom\u011br.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Naopak v paraleln\u00edch obvodech (nap\u0159. na obr. 7.2) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 konstantn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi uzly A, B a proudy se mohou v ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovce li\u0161it podle odporu \u017e\u00e1rovky. A jeliko\u017e plat\u00ed podle Ohmova z\u00e1kona, \u017ee I=U\/R, tzn. proud je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd nap\u011bt\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd odporu, tak \u017e\u00e1rovkou s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm odporem bude proch\u00e1zet men\u0161\u00ed proud a \u017e\u00e1rovkou s men\u0161\u00edm odporem bude proch\u00e1zet v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed proud. A sou\u010det proud\u016f v jednotliv\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch mus\u00ed d\u00e1t dohromady celkov\u00fd proud v hlavn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech obvodu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159.: Pod\u00edvejte se na obr. 7.2. Nap\u011bt\u00ed baterie je 1,5 V, odpor 1. \u017e\u00e1rovky je 2\u03a9 a odpor druh\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky je 4\u03a9. Spo\u010d\u00edtejte proudy v jednotliv\u00fdch v\u011btv\u00edch (\u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch) a celkov\u00fd proud v obvodu.<br \/>\nI=U\/R:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I1=1,5\/2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I1=0,75 A<br \/>\nI2=1,5\/4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I2=0,375 A<br \/>\nICelkov\u00fd = 0,75 A+0,375 A = 1,125 A<br \/>\n<strong>Proud 1. \u017e\u00e1rovkou je 0,75 A, proud druhou \u017e\u00e1rovkou je 0,375 A a celkov\u00fd proud je 1,125 A.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A ve sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch obvodech se kombinuj\u00ed tyto v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/p>\n<p>Pozn.: El. odpor \u017e\u00e1rovky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00ed teplot\u011b. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1vis\u00ed na proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm proudu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud do obvodu zapoj\u00edte v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 sou\u010d\u00e1stky (2 \u017e\u00e1rovky nebo t\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1rovku a sv\u00edtivou diodu), tak existuj\u00ed 2 zp\u016fsoby, jak je lze vz\u00e1jemn\u011b zapojit. &nbsp; S\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed (Za sebou) nap\u0159. toto: \u017d\u00e1rovek tam m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i v\u00edce. I kdyby jich tam bylo t\u0159eba mili\u00f3n, tak kdy\u017e 1 praskne, zhasne cel\u00fd obvod. Paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed (Vedle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":9,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-81","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":772,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions\/772"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.krusinsky.cz\/domains\/krusinsky.cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}